vv. 1-7
I. Timoteo debe contar con sufrimientos, incluso hasta la sangre, y por lo tanto debe entrenar a otros para que le sucedan en el ministerio del evangelio, v. 2. Debe instruir a otros y prepararlos para el ministerio, y así encomendarles las cosas que había oído; y también debe ordenarlos para el ministerio, depositar el evangelio como un fideicomiso en sus manos, y así encomendarles las cosas que había oído. Dos cosas debe tener en cuenta al ordenar ministros: su fidelidad o integridad («esto encarga á los hombres fieles que sinceramente buscarán la gloria de Dios, el honor de Cristo, el bienestar de las almas y el avance del reino del Redentor entre los hombres»), y también su habilidad ministerial. No solo deben ser conocedores ellos mismos, sino también ser idóneos para enseñar también á otros, y ser aptos para enseñar. Aquí tenemos: 1. Las cosas que Timoteo debía encomendar a otros: lo que había oído del apóstol entre muchos testigos; no debía entregar nada más, y lo que Pablo le entregó a él y a otros lo había recibido del Señor Jesucristo. 2. Debía encomendarlas como un fideicomiso, como un depósito sagrado, que debían guardar y transmitir puro e incorrupto a otros. 3. Aquellos a quienes debía encomendar estas cosas debían ser fieles, es decir, hombres dignos de confianza, y que fueran hábiles para enseñar a otros. 4. Aunque los hombres fueran fieles y capaces de enseñar a otros, estas cosas debían ser encomendadas a ellos por Timoteo, un ministro, un hombre en el oficio; porque nadie debe inmiscuirse en el ministerio, sino que estas cosas deben serles encomendadas por aquellos que ya están en ese oficio. II. Debe sufrir trabajos (v. 3): Tú pues, etc. 1. Todos los cristianos, pero especialmente los ministros, son soldados de Jesucristo; luchan bajo su bandera, en su causa y contra sus enemigos, porque él es el capitán de nuestra salvación, Heb. ii. 10. 2. Los soldados de Jesucristo deben mostrarse como buenos soldados, fieles a su capitán, resueltos en su causa, y no deben dejar de luchar hasta que sean más que vencedores, por medio de aquel que los amó, Rom. viii. 37. 3. Aquellos que quieran mostrarse como buenos soldados de Jesucristo deben sufrir trabajos; es decir, debemos esperarlo y contar con ello en este mundo, debemos soportarlo y acostumbrarnos a ello, y llevarlo pacientemente cuando llegue, y no ser movidos por ello de nuestra integridad. III. No debe embarazarse en los negocios de la vida, v. 4. Un soldado, cuando se ha alistado, deja su vocación y todos sus asuntos, para poder atender las órdenes de su capitán. Si nos hemos entregado para ser soldados de Cristo, debemos desapegarnos de este mundo; y aunque no hay remedio, sino que debemos emplearnos en los asuntos de esta vida mientras estemos aquí (tenemos algo que hacer aquí), no debemos embarazarnos en esos asuntos, de modo que por ellos seamos desviados y apartados de nuestro deber para con Dios y las grandes preocupaciones de nuestro cristianismo. Aquellos que quieran librar la buena batalla deben desapegarse de este mundo. A fin de agradar á aquel que lo tomó por soldado. Observa: 1. El gran cuidado de un soldado debe ser agradar a su general; así, el gran cuidado de un cristiano debe ser agradar a Cristo, aprobarnos ante él. La manera de agradar a aquel que nos ha tomado por soldados es no embarazarnos en los negocios de esta vida, sino estar libres de tales enredos que nos impidan en nuestra santa guerra.
vv. 8-13
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Ministerial Encouragements. (a. d. 66.) 8 Remember that Jesus Christ of the seed of David was raised from the dead according to my gospel: 9 Wherein I suffer trouble, as an evil doer, even unto bonds; but the word of God is not bound. 10 Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sakes, that they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. 11 It is a faithful saying: For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him: 12 If we suffer, we shall also reign with him: if we deny him, he also will deny us: 13 If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful: he cannot deny himself. I. To encourage Timothy in suffering, the apostle puts him in mind of the resurrection of Christ (v. 8): Remember that Jesus Christ, of the seed of David, was raised from the dead, according to my gospel. This is the great proof of his divine mission, and therefore a great confirmation of the truth of the Christian religion; and the consideration of it should make us faithful to our Christian profession, and should particularly encourage us in suffering for it. Let suffering saints remember this. Observe, 1. We are to look to Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith, who, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, despised the shame, and has now sat down at the right hand of the throne of God, Heb. xii. 2. 2. The incarnation and resurrection of Jesus Christ, heartily believed and rightly considered, will support a Christian under all sufferings in the present life. II. Another thing to encourage him in suffering was that he had Paul for an example. Observe, 1. How the apostle suffered (v. 9): Wherein I suffer as an evil-doer; and let not Timothy the son expect any better treatment than Paul the father. Paul was a man who did good, and yet suffered as an evil-doer: we must not think it strange if those who do well fare ill in this world, and if the best of men meet with the worst of treatment; but this was his comfort that the word of God was not bound. Persecuting powers may silence ministers and restrain them, but they cannot hinder the operation of the word of God upon men's hearts and consciences; that cannot be bound by any human force. This might encourage Timothy not to be afraid of bonds for the testimony of Jesus; for the word of Christ, which ought to be dearer to him than liberty, or life itself, should in the issue suffer nothing by those bonds. Here we see, (1.) The good apostle's treatment in the world: I suffer trouble; to this he was called and appointed. (2.) The pretence and colour under which he suffered: I suffer as an evil-doer; so the Jews said to Pilate concerning Christ, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up to thee, John xviii. 30. (3.) The real and true cause of his suffering trouble as an evil-doer: Wherein; that is, in or for the sake of the gospel. The apostle suffered trouble unto bonds, and afterwards he resisted unto blood, striving against sin, Heb. xii. 4. Though the preachers of the word are often bound, yet the word is never bound. 2. Why he suffered cheerfully: I endure all things for the elects' sake, v. 10. Observe, (1.) Good ministers may and should encourage themselves in the hardest services and the hardest sufferings, with this, that God will certainly bring good to his church, and benefit to his elect, out of them.—That they may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus. Next to the salvation of our own souls we should be willing to do and suffer any thing to promote the salvation of the souls of others. (2.) The elect are designed to obtain salvation: God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation, 1 Thess. v. 9. (3.) This salvation is in Christ Jesus, in him as the fountain, the purchaser, and the giver of it; and it is accompanied with eternal glory: there is no salvation in Christ Jesus without it. (4.) The sufferings of our apostle were for the elects' sake, for their confirmation and encouragement. III. Another thing with which he encourages Timothy is the prospect of a future state. 1. Those who faithfully adhere to Christ and to his truths and ways, whatever it cost them, will certainly have the advantage of it in another world: If we be dead with him, we shall live with him, v. 11. If we be dead with him, we shall live with him, v. 11. If, in conformity to Christ, we be dead to this world, its pleasures, profits, and honours, we shall go to live with him in a better world, to be for ever with him. Nay, though we be called out to suffer for him, we shall not lose by that. Those who suffer for Christ on earth shall reign with Christ in heaven, v. 12. Those who suffered with David in his humiliation were preferred with him in his exaltation: so it will be with those who suffer with the Son of David. 2. It is at our peril if we prove unfaithful to him: If we deny him, he also will deny us. If we deny him before man, he will deny us before his Father, Matt. x. 33. And that man must needs be for ever miserable whom Christ disowns at last. This will certainly be the issue, whether we believe it or no (v. 13): If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful; he cannot deny himself. He is faithful to his threatenings, faithful to his promises; neither one nor the other shall fall to the ground, no, not the least, jot nor tittle of them. If we be faithful to Christ, he will certainly be faithful to us. If we be false to him, he will be faithful to his threatenings: he cannot deny himself, cannot recede from any word that he hath spoken, for he is yea, and amen, the faithful witness. Observe, (1.) Our being dead with Christ precedes our living with him, and is connected with it: the one is in order to the other; so our suffering for him is the way to reign with him. You that have followed me in the regeneration, when the Son of man shall sit on the throne of his glory, you also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel Matt. xix. 28. (2.) This is a faithful saying, and may be depended on and ought to be believed. But, (3.) If we deny him, out of fear, or shame, or for the sake of some temporal advantage, he will deny and disown us, and will not deny himself, but will continue faithful to his word when he threatens as well as when he promises.
vv. 14-18
Precauciones contra el error. (a. d. 66.) 14 Recuérdales esto, exhortándoles delante del Señor a que no contiendan sobre palabras, lo cual para nada aprovecha, sino que es para perdición de los oyentes. 15 Procura con diligencia presentarte a Dios aprobado, como obrero que no tiene de qué avergonzarse, que usa bien la palabra de verdad. 16 Mas evita profanas y vanas palabrerías, porque conducirán más y más a la impiedad. 17 Y su palabra carcomerá como gangrena; de los cuales son Himeneo y Fileto, 18 que se desviaron de la verdad, diciendo que la resurrección ya se efectuó, y trastornan la fe de algunos. Habiendo así animado a Timoteo a sufrir, pasa a continuación a dirigirle en su obra. I. Debe dedicarse a edificar a aquellos que estaban bajo su cargo, a recordarles aquellas cosas que ya sabían; porque esta es la obra de los ministros: no decir a la gente lo que nunca antes supieron, sino recordarles lo que sí saben, exhortándoles a que no contiendan sobre palabras. Obsérvese: Aquellos que están dispuestos a contender comúnmente contienden sobre asuntos de muy poca importancia. Las contiendas de palabras son muy destructivas para las cosas de Dios. Que no contiendan sobre palabras para nada provecho. Si la gente considerara de cuán poca utilidad son la mayoría de las controversias en la religión, no serían tan celosos en sus contiendas de palabras, para la perdición de los oyentes, para apartarlos de las grandes cosas de Dios, y ocasionando calores y animosidades anticristianas, por las cuales la verdad a menudo corre el riesgo de perderse. Obsérvese: La gente es muy propensa a contender sobre palabras, y tales contiendas nunca logran otros fines que sacudir a algunos y subvertir a otros; no solo son inútiles, sino que son muy perjudiciales, y por lo tanto los ministros deben exhortar a la gente a que no contiendan sobre palabras, y es más probable que se les preste atención cuando los exhortan delante del Señor, es decir, en su nombre y de su palabra; cuando presentan su autorización para lo que dicen.—Procura con diligencia presentarte a Dios aprobado, v. 15. Obsérvese: El cuidado de los ministros debe ser el de presentarse aprobados a Dios, ser aceptados por él, y mostrar que así son aprobados por Dios. Para ello, debe haber un cuidado y una diligencia constantes: Procura con diligencia presentarte como tal, como obrero que no tiene de qué avergonzarse. Los ministros deben ser obreros; tienen trabajo que hacer, y deben esforzarse en ello. Los obreros que son inexpertos, o infieles, o perezosos, tienen de qué avergonzarse; pero aquellos que se ocupan de sus asuntos y se mantienen en su trabajo, son obreros que no tienen de qué avergonzarse. ¿Y cuál es su trabajo? Es usar bien la palabra de verdad. No inventar un evangelio nuevo, sino usar bien el evangelio que les ha sido confiado. Hablar de terror a quienes corresponde el terror, de consuelo a quienes corresponde el consuelo; dar a cada uno su porción a su debido tiempo, Mateo xxiv. 45. Obsérvese aquí: 1. La palabra que predican los ministros es la palabra de verdad, porque su autor es el Dios de verdad. 2. Requiere gran sabiduría, estudio y cuidado, usar bien esta palabra de verdad; Timoteo debe estudiar para hacer esto bien.
vv. 19-21
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Cautions against Error. (a. d. 66.) 19 Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity. 20 But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour. 21 If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's use, and prepared unto every good work. Here we see what we may comfort ourselves with, in reference to this, and the little errors and heresies that both infect and infest the church, and do mischief. I. It may be a great comfort to us that the unbelief of men cannot make the promise of God of no effect. Though the faith of some particular persons be overthrown, yet the foundation of God standeth sure (v. 19); it is not possible that they should deceive the elect. Or it may be meant of the truth itself, which they impugn. All the attacks which the powers of darkness have made upon the doctrine of Christ cannot shake it; it stands firm, and weathers all the storms which have been raised against it. The prophets and apostles, that is, the doctrines of the Old and New Testament, are still firm; and they have a seal with two mottoes upon it, one on the one side, and the other on the other, as is usual in a broad seal. 1. One expresses our comfort—that the Lord knows those that are his, and those that are not; knows them, that is, he owns them, so knows them that he will never lose them. Though the faith of some be overthrown, yet the Lord is said to know the ways of the righteous, Ps. i. 6. None can overthrow the faith of any whom God hath chosen. 2. Another declares our duty—that every one who names the name of Christ must depart from iniquity. Those who would have the comfort of the privilege must make conscience of the duty. If the name of Christ be called upon us, we must depart from iniquity, else he will not own us; he will say in the great day (Matt. vii. 23), Depart from me, I never knew you, you workers of iniquity. Observe, (1.) Whatever errors are introduced into the church, the foundation of God standeth sure, his purpose can never be defeated. (2.) God hath some in the church who are his and whom he knows to be his. (3.) Professing Christians name the name of Christ, are called by his name, and therefore are bound to depart from iniquity; for Christ gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, Tit. ii. 14. II. Another thing that may comfort us is that though there are some whose faith is overthrown, yet there are others who keep their integrity, and hold it fast (v. 20): In a great house there are not only vessels of gold, &c. The church of Christ is a great house, a well-furnished house: now some of the furniture of this house is of great value, as the plate in a house; some of small value, and put to mean uses, as the vessels of wood and earth; so it is in the church of God. There are some professors of religion that are like the vessels of wood and earth, they are vessels of dishonour. But at the same time all are not vessels of dishonour; there are vessels of gold and silver, vessels of honour, that are sanctified and meet for the Master's use. When we are discouraged by the badness of some, we must encourage ourselves by the consideration of the goodness of others. Now we should see to it that we be vessels of honour: we must purge ourselves from these corrupt opinions, that we may be sanctified for our Master's use. Observe, 1. In the church there are some vessels of honour and some of dishonour; there are some vessels of mercy and other vessels of wrath, Rom. ix. 22, 23. Some dishonour the church by their corrupt opinions and wicked lives; and others honour and credit it by their exemplary conversation. 2. A man must purge himself from these before he can be a vessel of honour, or meet for his Master's use. 3. Every vessel must be fit for its Master's use; every one in the church whom God approves must be devoted to his Master's service and meet for his use. 4. Sanctification in the heart is our preparation for every good work. The tree must be made good, and then the fruit will be good.
vv. 22-26
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Cautions against Contention. (a. d. 66.) 22 Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart. 23 But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do gender strifes. 24 And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient, 25 In meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth; 26 And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will. I. Paul here exhorts Timothy to beware of youthful lusts, v. 22. Though he was a holy good man, very much mortified to the world, yet Paul thought it necessary to caution him against youthful lusts: "Flee them, take all possible care and pains to keep thyself pure from them." The lusts of the flesh are youthful lusts, which young people must carefully watch against, and the best must not be secure. He prescribes an excellent remedy against youthful lusts: Follow righteousness, faith, charity peace, &c. Observe, 1. Youthful lusts are very dangerous, for which reason even hopeful young people should be warned of them, for they war against the soul, 1 Pet. ii. 11. 2. The exciting of our graces will be the extinguishing of our corruptions; the more we follow that which is good the faster and the further we shall flee from that which is evil. Righteousness, and faith, and love, will be excellent antidotes against youthful lusts. Holy love will cure impure lust.—Follow peace with those that call on the Lord. The keeping up of the communion of saints will take us off from all fellowship with unfruitful works of darkness. See the character of Christians: they are such as call on the Lord Jesus Christ, out of a pure heart. Observe, Christ is to be prayed to. It is the character of all Christians that they call upon him; but our prayers to God and Christ are not acceptable nor successful except they come out of a pure heart. II. He cautions him against contention, and, to prevent this (v. 23), cautions him against foolish and unlearned questions, that tend to no benefit, strifes of words. Those who advanced them, and doted upon them, thought themselves wise and learned; but Paul calls them foolish and unlearned. The mischief of these is that they gender strifes, that they breed debates and quarrels among Christians and ministers. It is very remarkable how often, and with what seriousness, the apostle cautions Timothy against disputes in religion, which surely was not without some such design as this, to show that religion consists more in believing and practising what God requires than in subtle disputes.—The servant of the Lord must not strive, v. 24. Nothing worse becomes the servant of the Lord Jesus, who himself did not strive nor cry (Matt. xii. 19), but was a pattern of meekness, and mildness, and gentleness to all, than strife and contention. The servant of the Lord must be gentle to all men, and thereby show that he is himself subject to the commanding power of that holy religion which he is employed in preaching and propagating.—Apt to teach. Those are unapt to teach who are apt to strive, and are fierce and froward. Ministers must be patient, bearing with evil, and in meekness instructing (v. 25) not only those who subject themselves, but those who oppose themselves. Observe, 1. Those who oppose themselves to the truth are to be instructed; for instruction is the scripture-method of dealing with the erroneous, which is more likely to convince them of their errors than fire and faggot: he does not bid us kill their bodies, under pretence of saving their souls. 2. Such as oppose themselves are to be instructed in meekness, for our Lord is meek and lowly (Matt. xi. 29), and this agrees well with the character of the servant of the Lord (v. 24): He must not strive, but be gentle to all men, apt to teach, patient. This is the way to convey truth in its light and power, and to overcome evil with good, Rom. xii. 21. 3. That which ministers must have in their eyes, in instructing those who oppose themselves, must be their recovery: If God, peradventure, will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth. Observe, (1.) Repentance is God's gift. (2.) It is a gift with a peradventure in the case of those who oppose themselves; and therefore, though we are not to despair of the grace of God, yet we must take heed of presuming upon it. To the acknowledging of the truth. (3.) The same God who gives us the discovery of the truth does by his grace bring us to the acknowledging of it, otherwise our hearts would continue in rebellion against it, for we are to confess with our mouths as well as to believe with our hearts, Rom. x. 9, 10. And thus sinners recover themselves out of the snare of the devil; see here, [1.] The misery of sinners: they are in the snare of the devil, and are led captive by him at his will, v. 26. They are slaves to the worst of task-masters; he is the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience, Eph. ii. 2. They are taken in a snare, and in the worst snare, because it is the devil's; they are as fishes that are taken in n evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare. Further, They are under Ham's curse (a servant of servants shall he be, Gen. ix. 25), they are slaves to him who is but a slave and vassal. [2.] The happiness of those who repent: they recover themselves out of this snare, as a bird out of the snare of the fowler; the snare is broken and they have escaped; and the greater the danger the greater the deliverance. When sinners repent, those who before were led captive by the devil at his will come to be led into the glorious liberty of the children of God, and have their wills melted into the will of the Lord Jesus. The good Lord recover us all out of the snare.